France – RCS

On the Way to Nicopolis: Preparing the Franco-Burgundian Crusade (1396)

Anna Aleksandrovna Mayzlish PhD in History, senior research fellow, Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences (Leninskiy prospekt 32a, Moskva, Russia, 119334)
maizlish@yandex.ru

Mayzlish A. A. On the Way to Nicopolis: Preparing the Franco-Burgundian Crusade (1396), Religiya. Tserkov’. Obshchestvo. Issledovaniya i publikatsii po teologii i religii [Religion. Church. Society: Research and publications in the field of theology and religious studies], Saint-Petersburg, 2022, vol. 10, pp. 252–277.

doi: 10.24412/2308-0698-2022-10-252-277

Language: Russian

The article deals with the preparations to Franco-Burgundian Crusade against Ottomans (1396) in the possessions of duke of Burgundy Philip the Bold. The decision to organise this crusade was taken in 1394 after the demand for West European military assistance came from the king of Hungary Sigismund of Luxembourg. The nobility of Burgundian lands in general shared the crusader ambitions of their ruler and aspired to take part in future campaign. However, before the beginning of crusade Philip the Bold had to find the necessary money. The analysis of financial documents and correspondence of the duke’s family gives an opportunity to look into the voting of the extraordinary taxes in the county of Flanders, the richest part of Burgundian lands. The difficult negotiations with Flemish clergy and towns (the latter were in abrasive relations with the duke) were led by the wife of Philip the Bold Marguerite de Male and their heir John of Nevers (future duke of Burgundy John the Fearless) who was made a figurehead of Franco-Burgundian crusader forces. Though the Flemish agreed to vote only a bit more than a half of money, that Philip the Bold demanded of them, the sums that they levied for the crusade were higher than the total amount voted by of all other Burgundian possessions together. Despite this domination of Flanders in field of financial support the feasts and ceremonies, which accompanied the departure of crusaders from France, were taken in Paris and Dijon, the capital of duchy of Burgundy.

Key words: Burgundy, France, Flanders, crusades, Philip the Bold, John the Fearless, Marguerite de Male, towns, clergy, finance, extraordinary taxes (aides), 14th century

URL: http://rcs-almanac.ru/en/mayzlisch-2022-en/

Review on the monograph by P. V. Krylov «Exempla incarnata: epic of Jeanne d’Arc and world of medieval men»

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Ekaterina Igorevna Nosova PhD in History, scientific researcher, Saint-Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Petrozavodskaja ulitsa, 7, Saint-Petersburg, 197110, Russia)
katerinanossova@gmail.com

Nosova E.I. Review on the monograph by P. V. Krylov «Exempla incarnata: epic of Jeanne d’Arc and world of medieval men», Religiya. Tserkov’. Obshchestvo. Issledovaniya i publikatsii po teologii i religii [Religion. Church. Society: Research and publications in the field of theology and religious studies], Saint-Petersburg, 2019, vol. 8, pp. 426–429.

doi: 10.24411/2308-0698-2020-00018

Language: Russian

The review reviews the new monograph by P. V. Krylov «Exempla incarnata: an epic of Jeanne d’Arc and the world of medieval man», dedicated tothe study of the phenomenon of perception of the personality of Jeanne d’Arcby her contemporaries. According to the author of the review, the monographhas many advantages, which makes it an event in Russian Ioannistics.

Key words: Jeanne d’Arc, Middle Ages, France, history of mentality, gender studies

URL: http://rcs-almanac.ru/en/nosova-2020-en/

Who are the judges? Charter of the King of France John II Good in favor of the ca thedral of Laon (1352)

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Ekaterina Igorevna Nosova PhD in History, Saint-Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Petrozavodskaja ulitsa, 7, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 197110)
katerinanossova@gmail.com

Nosova E. I. Who are the judges? Charter of the King of France John II Good in favor of the Cathedral of Laon (1352), Religiya. Tserkov’. Obshchestvo. Issledovaniya i publikatsii po teologii i religii [Religion. Church. Society: Research and publications in the field of theology and religious studies], Saint-Petersburg, 2018, vol. 7, pp. 232–259.

doi: 10.24411/2308-0698-2018-00012

Language: Russian

The article deals with relationships between secular and ecclesiastical powers in medieval France in the 14^th century. The king’s John II letter to the Cathedral of Laon served as a basis for this case study. This document is kept in the archives of the Saint-Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The document comes from the collection of Nikolai Petrovich Likhachev (1862–1936). The article gives a detailed analysis of its content and form. The problem which considered in the article, was spread throughout over medieval Europe. The form of the letter corresponds to the traditions of the French royal chancellery of the Late Middle Ages except the combination of languages — Latin and French. Generally, coexistence of the two languages was quite normal during 14–15^th centuries. But in most cases one charter was entirely cited in the other. In the charter from Likhachev’s collection one part does not exist without the other: the Latin part has no content, and the French part has no legal force. Ecclesiastical authority is represented by the catholic chapter of Laon, in whose favor a dispute was settled. The decision of royal Parliament based rather on principles of a relationship between the bishop and the cathedral developed in this city, than on royal own ordinances. It should be stressed that the analyzed document shows the multifaceted relationship between the spiritual and ecclesiastical authorities in medieval France, and puts out the low efficiency of using of same sources in juridical practice.

Key words: France, law, conflict of jurisdictions, Church, cathedral (Laon), chapter, N. P. Likhachev (1862–1936)

URL: http://rcs-almanac.ru/nosova-2018-en/

Un diplomate huguenot au service de la couronne de France: Charles de Danzay, ambassadeur au Danemark (1548–1589)

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Hugues Daussy PhD in history, professor, University of Franche-Comté (1 Rue Claude Goudimel, Besançon, France, 25000), hugues.daussy@univ-fcomte.fr

Daussy H. Un diplomate huguenot au service de la couronne de France: Charles de Danzay, ambassadeur au Danemark (1548–1589), Religiya. Tserkov’. Obshchestvo. Issledovaniya i publikatsii po teologii i religii [Religion. Church. Society: Research and publications in the field of theology and religious studies], Saint-Petersburg, 2015, vol. 4, pp. 264–281.

doi: 10.24411/2308-0698-2015-00013

Language: French

The article «A Huguenot diplomat in the service of the French crown: Charles de Danza, the Ambassador to Denmark (1548–1589)» is a study of the biography of the French Ambassador to France, Charles de Danzay, who arrived in Denmark under the rule of Henry II of Valois and hold his post for more than 40 years, becoming an example of impeccable service to the French crown. The paradoxical state of the ambassador was due to his religious views — in some time he became a true Huguenot, but nevertheless remained one of the authorized representatives of the Valois. However, he was also a friend of the Protestant monarchs of Denmark. On the basis of a careful analysis of the Danzay’ correspondence, preserved in Danish archives, the author gives a accurate description of the political thoughts and actions of the French ambassador, who on behalf of France participated in numerous diplomatic negotiations with the Protestant princes and maintained close relationships with the leaders of the French Huguenots, such as Henry of Navarre, Du Plessis-Mornay and others. The author also examines the Danzey’s projects about establishing the French protectorate in Livonia and developing trade relations with Moscow.

Keywords: France, Denmark, Gerih II Valois, Henry of Navarre, Du Plessis-Mornay, diplomacy

URL: http://rcs-almanac.ru/daussy-2015-en/

Creation of an Enemy: Assassinations in Blois and Desacralization of Henrich III

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Dmitrii Nikolaevich Kopelev, doctor in history, professor, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia (naberezhnaya reki Moiki, 48/20a, Saint-Petersburg, Russia,191186)

kopelll07@list.ru

Kopelev D. N. Creation of an enemy: Assassinations in Blois and desacralization of Henrich III, Religiya. Tserkov’. Obshchestvo. Issledovaniya i publikatsii po teologii i religii [Religion. Church. Society: Research and publications in the field of theology and religious studies], Saint-Petersburg, 2016, vol. 5, pp. 158–197.

doi: 10.24411/2308-0698-2016-00009

Language: Russian

Investigating the situation in France in the period of the Huguenot Wars after the assassination of the leader of the Catholic League of France, Henry I, Duke of Guise, the author analyses mechanisms of information wars’ genesis and discovers different aspects of campaigns aimed to discredit the Royal power. On the one hand, as a result of aggressive visual, virtual and printed attacks against the organizer of this murder King Henry III, the very basement of the French monarchy reeled, and a figure of the ruler obtained the image of the universal evil. On the other hand, public opinion, a new «mystical» force, that was able to threw the earth power and open a rode for a tyrannicide, started to influence on political war. Transformation of the idea of an enemy into the instrument of ideological and political struggle and debunking of political opponents with help of psychological tools became components of the new political reality. Mental explosion happened in Paris in 1589 with its infernality and eschatological fears that turned the first manifestation on the new information reality. The author discloses tendencies of manipulation of public opinion radicalized in that time and led to the grand-scale propagandist campaigns aimed at discreditation and overthrow the Old Régime and the dynasty.

Key words: late Middle ages, the Early Modern time, France, Wars of Religion, Catholics, Huguenots, Court, duke de Guise, Catholic League, propaganda, political image, satire, public opinion, radicalization, infernality, eschatological fears

URL: http://rcs-almanac.ru/kopelev-d-n-2016-en/