Poliakova M. A.

Zinaida Andreevna Lurie PhD in History, assistant lecturer, Faculty of Foreign Languages, St. Petersburg State University (Universitetskaia nab., 7/9, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 199034)
z.lurie@spbu.ru

Mariya Aleksandrovna Polyakova PhD in Pedagogy, assistant professor, New Russian University (Zapadnaya ul., 9, str. 1, Moscow, Russia, 142181)
marussia71@yandex.ru

Lurie Z. A., Polyakova M. A. «Instructions of the Visitors to Parishers in Electoral Saxony» by Philip Melanchthon: introductory article and the commented translation of the chapters «On everyday activities in churches» and «On schools», Religiya. Tserkov’. Obshchestvo. Issledovaniya i publikatsii po teologii i religii [Religion. Church. Society: Research and publications in the field of theology and religious studies], Saint-Petersburg, 2019, vol. 8, pp. 356–379.

doi: 10.24411/2308-0698-2019-00017

Language: Russian

This publication is the first Russian translation of excerpts from Philip Melanchthon’s «Instructions». The text established the normative order (Ordnung), which should have been followed locally, both in terms of dogma (which covers a significant part of the text: 14 of 18 articles), and of practical aspects of church life (general issues, liturgy, marriage, dispute about free will, the practice of church excommunication and the war with the Turks) and, finally, educational systems. Melanchton addressed his recommendations to evangelical ministers. School education, in accordance with the concept of Melanchthon, is strictly hierarchical and prepares citizens for various ministries. It is based on the study of languages and combines humanistic methods with catechesis. Melanchton divided the children into three classes, which also became the norm for Protestant charters. He also pays great attention to the practical aspects of church life, in particular to the liturgical reform. Melanchthon is quite interested in preaching as a catechetical, educational practice.

Key words: Melanchthon, trivium schools, gymnasiums, cantorship, Luther, Reformation

URL: http://rcs-almanac.ru/en/lurie-polyakova-2010-en/

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Maria Alexandrovna Poliakova PhD in pedagogy, associate professor, Kaluga Branch of Bauman Moscow State Technical University (ulitsa Bazhenova, 2, Kaluga, Russia, 248000) , mariap71@rambler.ru

Poliakova M. A. Regulation of school work in the German rules of the confessional era and the first German schools in Moscow, Religiya. Tserkov’. Obshchestvo. Issledovaniya i publikatsii po teologii i religii [Religion. Church. Society: Research and publications in the field of theology and religious studies], Saint-Petersburg, 2017, vol. 6, pp. 318–343.

doi: 10.24411/2308-0698-2017-00016

Language: Russian

The article discusses the activities of Martin Luther and his associates in the field of educational development, namely, Luther’s justification for the necessity of opening schools and teaching children the basics of the Christian faith and consequently creation and implementation of the first school rules. The author shows continuity of ideas of the reformers and also reveals the features peculiar to the rules of the 16^th century in the unique document of the Thirty years War era «Schulmethodus», compiled by the talented teacher and publisher Andreas Reyher, with the open patronage of Duke Saxe-Goth Ernst Pious. Thus, it can be concluded that Luther’s ideas on the development of education and the efforts of his colleagues (Johann Agricola, Philip Melanchthon, Johannes Bugenhagen, Johannes Brenz) on the introduction of school education in the German lands were not in vain and found their worthy continuation in the next century. Moreover, the system of school education, represented in «Schulmethodus» and successfully established in the Gotha school, was known and partly used in the first Moscow schools of the German settlement.

Key words: Luther, Schulordnungen, school rules, Latin schools, German schools, Visitors’ instruction, Melanchthon, Bugenhagen, Ernst the Pious, Reyher, Schulmethodus, German settlement

URL: http://rcs-almanac.ru/poliakova-2017-en/