Kant – RCS

Grigorenko Andrey Yur’evich, PhD in philosophy, professor, The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia (Moika Embankment, dom 48, korpus 20a, St. Petersburg, Russia, 191186)
relig-rgpu@yandex.ru

Grigorenko A. Yu. Classical German Philosophy as a theoretical source of modern religious studies, Religiya. Tserkov’. Obshchestvo. Issledovaniya i publikatsii po teologii i religii [Religion. Church. Society: Research and publications in the field of theology and religious studies], Saint-Petersburg, 2012, vol. 1, pp.12–21.

DOI: 10.24411/2308-0698-2012-00013

Language: Russian

The author evaluates the contribution made by Classical German Philosophy to religious studies that became a separate discipline. The case of nature and origin of magic is examined.

Immanuel Kant was the first to draw attention to the specific character of magic. The difference between Christianity and early forms of religious consciousness was viewed by him as mere formal, not a matter of principle. According G. W. F. Hegel, the primitive religious stage was the religion of nature. It should be characterized mostly not by fear but by human self-assurance in absolute dominion over nature. The «spirit» (taken as an instrument) was set above matter. G. W. F. Hegel distinguished the stages of direct and mediate sorcery. Objectivation of the universal was the third stage; further development would have made a man an instrument of a higher being. G. W. F. Hegel anticipated scholars’ conclusions about instrumental theory of magic (20th C.). It was proposed that magic had been used to supply human actions with primitive tools, because the result was not assured and foreseeable. In the article, G. W. F. Hegel is called a founder of «cognitive religious studies.» There is a view that a primitive man understood cause and effect, natural phenomena incorrectly. The philosopher defined sorcery as the first savage form of religion that should not be virtually called as such, since religion does not imply human power and might. L. Feuerbach concurred with this view and defined magic as «nonreligious form of religion» for in religion itself the power was thought to be transferred to something beyond human beings.

Key words: religious studies, magic, sorcery, I. Kant, G. W. F. Hegel, L. Feuerbach, J. Frazer

Permanent link: //rcs-almanac.ru/grigorenko-a-yu-2012-en/

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Tatian Valer’evna Litvin, PhD in Philosophy, assistant professor, Russian Christian Humanitarian Academy (naberezhnaya reki Fontanki, 15, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 191011)

littatiana@gmail.com

Litvin T. V. Jean Grondin. To the composition of «Truth and Method»: introductory article and Russian translation, Religiya. Tserkov’. Obshchestvo. Issledovaniya i publikatsii po teologii i religii [Religion. Church. Society: Research and publications in the field of theology and religious studies], Saint-Petersburg, 2016, vol. 5, pp. 42–68.

doi: 10.24411/2308-0698-2016-00004

Language: Russian

The translation of the paper «To the composition of “Truth and Method”» by Jean Grondin (1994) is dedicated to history and context of emergence of H.-G. Gadamer’s «Truth and Method». Grondin calls his approach a «pure philological» and pays attention to the text’s structure and sequence of the chapters. This view is opposite to «philosophical» approach, which focuses on theory. However, both of them are very important for understanding of the book. «Truth and Method» is a key work of Gagamer and due to his systematic thought and the universal concept of hermeneutics is still influential. According to the H.-G. Gadamer’s intention, the whole history of philosophy contains methods of interpretation, which need to be synthesized. Hermeneutics is entitled to claim a fundamental role for the whole human knowledge and to be ground of Humanities. This idea is reflected in «Truth and Method» and was formed as a result of numerous controversies with modern philosophers. So, H.-G. Gadamer rethinks the methodological discussions of the 20^th century, criticizes the Kantian theory of aesthetical judgments, reconstructs the Augustinian tradition of «inner word» and the whole Christian reception of this idea and provides the reactualization of the Platonic tradition. J. Grondin examines the philological features of the concept of universal hermeneutics and its formation with specific attention put to the terminology and system categories of the work.

Key words: hermeneutics, Gadamer, Augustine, the methodology of Humanities, Schleiermacher, Kant, inner word, Heidegger, Bultmann

URL: //rcs-almanac.ru/litvin-t-v-2016-en/