Review on the monograph by P. V. Krylov «Exempla incarnata: epic of Jeanne d’Arc and world of medieval men»

Ekaterina Igorevna Nosova PhD in History, scientific researcher, Saint-Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Petrozavodskaja ulitsa, 7, Saint-Petersburg, 197110, Russia)
katerinanossova@gmail.com

Nosova E.I. Review on the monograph by P. V. Krylov «Exempla incarnata: epic of Jeanne d’Arc and world of medieval men», Religiya. Tserkov’. Obshchestvo. Issledovaniya i publikatsii po teologii i religii [Religion. Church. Society: Research and publications in the field of theology and religious studies], Saint-Petersburg, 2019, vol. 8, pp. 426–429.

doi: 10.24411/2308-0698-2020-00018

Language: Russian

The review reviews the new monograph by P. V. Krylov «Exempla incarnata: an epic of Jeanne d’Arc and the world of medieval man», dedicated tothe study of the phenomenon of perception of the personality of Jeanne d’Arcby her contemporaries. According to the author of the review, the monographhas many advantages, which makes it an event in Russian Ioannistics.

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Key words: Jeanne d’Arc, Middle Ages, France, history of mentality, gender studies

URL: //rcs-almanac.ru/en/nosova-2020-en/

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Octagonal Roman columned ciboriums of the 12th century: origin of the form

Natalia Sergeevna Kuznetsova postgraduate student, Moscow State University after M. V. Lomonosov, Faculty of History (Lomonosovskiy prospekt, 27/4, Moscow, 119192)
natik.ne@mail.ru

Kuznetsova N.S. Octagonal Roman columned ciboriums of the 12th century: origin of the form, Religiya. Tserkov’. Obshchestvo. Issledovaniya i publikatsii po teologii i religii [Religion. Church. Society: Research and publications in the field of theology and religious studies], Saint-Petersburg, 2019, vol. 8, pp. 276–293.

doi: 10.24411/2308-0698-2020-00008

Language: Russian

Among the monuments of Roman Church architecture of the12–13th centuries there are several special basilicas. Their altar spaces havepreserved elements of the High Middle Ages design. These includethe octagonal ciboriums from the basilicas San Giorgio in Velabro and SanLorenzo Fuori Le Mura in Rome, Santi Giovanni e Paolo in Ferentino andSanta Maria Assunta in Anagni. The unusual shape of the ciborium canopyand its location in the interior allow us to explore several problems. First of all,in this article we will try to give a general description of this typology. We willalso look at the genesis of this form of canopy and try to find its prototypes. Thistype of ciborium is one of the small architectural forms. Its composition is veryclear and geometric. There are three factors that influenced the formation ofsuch a structure. First, the development of the local tradition, which indicatesthe existence of more ancient kivori with columns and octagonal kivori.However, ciboriums of the Early Middle Ages are quite different. Their formsare more similar to sculpture. Secondly, during this period, the influenceof Antiquity is strong. Many artists in Rome seek to imitate ancient forms.Often some elements were copied. For example, columns or beam profiles.In addition, Roman art is influenced by the image of Jerusalem. At this time,the connection between the two Christian capitals is strengthened. The formsof the ciborium resemble the image of the Edicule over the Holy Sepulchre.

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Key words: Canopy, ciborium, altar space, Rome, Middle Ages, Papal States, presbytery

URL: //rcs-almanac.ru/kuznetsova-2020-en/

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The problem of the Middle Ages in the Martin Luther’s Theology

Alexey Igorevich Ivanenko PhD in Philosophy, assistant professor, Theological Institute of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ingria (der. Kolbino, 25a, Leningrad region, Vsevolozhsk district, Russia, 188680), iwanenkoalexy@hotmail.com

Ivanenko A. I. The problem of the Middle Ages in the Martin Luther’s theology, Religiya. Tserkov’. Obshchestvo. Issledovaniya i publikatsii po teologii i religii [Religion. Church. Society: Research and publications in the field of theology and religious studies], Saint-Petersburg, 2016, vol. 5, pp. 34–41.

doi: 10.24411/2308-0698-2016-00003

Language: Russian

The article is devoted to the interpretation of the Middle Ages from the engle of the Martin Luther’s theology. The main problem is dual status of the Middle Ages. It’s the time of Christian hegemony, but also the period of negative pre-Reformation tendencies. The Lutherans found a middle position between negative humanistic and positive Catholic estimations. In Luther’s texts the Middle ages are seen within two general concepts — of Millenialism and the Babilonian captivity of the Church. According to Luther, millenialism is not in future, it describes the ancient period of the Church’s history. Here Luther bases on ecclesiology of St. Augustine. Millenialism was the time of undivided Church. The Babylonian captivity of the Church began from the Great Schism in 1054. Luther here concentrates not on the question of procession of the Holy Spirit «from the Son» (Filioque), but on the role of priest and understanding of the sacraments. He critisized the idea, that during the liturgy eucharistic bread transformed into the Body of the Lord. This magical interpretation was invented by Thomas Aquinat in the 13th centure. According to Lutheranism, a priest is a pastor, who predicts the Word of God, but not a wizard, who transforms the substance of bread. Another aspect of the Babylonian captivity of the Church is absence of national language in the liturgy. Western Church had a Latin liturgy in the Middle Ages, because Latin was a national language at the time of St. Jerome and St. Augustine, but it was a dead language by the 10th centure.
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Key words: the Middle Ages, Millennialism, Babylonian captivity of the Church, Reformation, Lutheranism

URL: //rcs-almanac.ru/ivanenko-a-i-2016-en/

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